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The Ring of Fire is an area where a large number of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur in the basin of the Pacific Ocean. In a 40,000 km (25,000 mi) horseshoe shape, it is associated with a nearly continuous series of oceanic trenches, volcanic arcs, and volcanic belts and/or plate movements.It has 452 volcanoes and is home to over 75% of the world's active and dormant volcanoes. It is sometimes called the circum-Pacific belt or the circum-Pacific seismic belt.
About 90% of the world's earthquakes and 81% of the world's largest earthquakes occur along the Ring of Fire. The next most seismic region (5--6% of earthquakes and 17% of the world's largest earthquakes) is the Alpide belt, which extends from Java to Sumatra through the Himalayas, the Mediterranean, and out into the Atlantic. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is the third most prominent earthquake belt.
The Ring of Fire is a direct result of plate tectonics and the movement and collisions of lithospheric plates. The eastern section of the ring is the result of the Nazca Plate and the Cocos Plate being subducted beneath the westward moving South American Plate. The Cocos Plate is being subducted beneath the Caribbean Plate, in Central America. A portion of the Pacific Plate along with the small Juan de Fuca Plate are being subducted beneath the North American Plate. Along the northern portion, the northwestward-moving Pacific plate is being subducted beneath the Aleutian Islands arc. Farther west, the Pacific plate is being subducted along the Kamchatka Peninsula arcs on south past Japan. The southern portion is more complex, with a number of smaller tectonic plates in collision with the Pacific plate from the Mariana Islands, the Philippines, Bougainville, Tonga, and New Zealand; this portion excludes Australia, since it lies in the center of its tectonic plate. Indonesia lies between the Ring of Fire along the northeastern islands adjacent to and including New Guinea and the Alpide belt along the south and west from Sumatra, Java, Bali, Flores, and Timor. The famous and very active San Andreas Fault zone of California is a transform fault which offsets a portion of the East Pacific Rise under southwestern United States and Mexico. The motion of the fault generates numerous small earthquakes, at multiple times a day, most of which are too small to be felt. The active Queen Charlotte Fault on the west coast of the Haida Gwaii, British Columbia, Canada, has generated three large earthquakes during the 20th century: a magnitude 7 event in 1929; a magnitude 8.1 in 1949 (Canada's largest recorded earthquake); and a magnitude 7.4 in 1970.
- en.wikipedia.org

Here with Watch Documentaries 360 in the series of How The Earth Was Made in this episode The Ring of Fire.

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Peak oil, an event based on M. King Hubbert's theory, is the point in time when the maximum rate of extraction of petroleum is reached, after which the rate of production is expected to enter terminal decline. Peak oil theory is based on the observed rise, peak, (sometimes rapid) fall, and depletion of aggregate production rate in oil fields over time. Mostly due to the development of new production techniques and the exploitation of unconventional supplies, Hubbert's original predictions for world production proved premature. Peak oil is often confused with oil depletion; peak oil is the point of maximum production, while depletion refers to a period of falling reserves and supply.

Here with Watch Documentaries 360 in the series of Extreme Engineering in this episode Oil Apocalypse.

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In 6,000 BC, 8,000 years before the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, a paleotsunami whose waves reach taller than the Statue of Liberty allegedly was generated by a landslide from Mount Etna and ravaged the coasts of the Mediterranean, devastating ancient villages and killing untold numbers. A team of scientists pieces together evidence of this megatsunami and reveals the face of this ancient tsunami for the first time. 3-D computer generated animation recreates the massive waves that may have changed the course of history.

Megatsunami is an informal term to describe a tsunami that has initial wave heights that are much larger than normal tsunamis. Unlike usual tsunamis which originate from tectonic activity and the raising or lowering of the sea floor known megatsunamis have originated from a large scale landslide, collision, or volcanic eruption event.

Here with Watch Documentaries 360 in the series of Mega Disasters in this episode Mega Tsunami.

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Planet Earth Episode 3 Fresh Water - BBC Documentary - Sir David Attenborough: The fresh water programme describes the course taken by rivers and some of the species that take advantage of such a habitat. Only 3% of the world's water is fresh, yet all life on land ultimately depends on it.

Its journey begins as a stream in the mountains, illustrated by Venezuela's Tepui, where there is a tropical downpour almost every day. It then travels hundreds of kilometres before forming rapids. With the aid of some expansive helicopter photography, one sequence demonstrates the vastness of Angel Falls, the world's highest free-flowing waterfall. Its waters drop unbroken for nearly 1,000 metres (3,000 feet) and are blown away as a mist before they reach the bottom.

In Japan, the water is inhabited by the biggest amphibian, the two-metre long giant salamander, while in the northern hemisphere, salmon undertake the largest freshwater migration, and are hunted en route by grizzly bears. The erosive nature of rivers is shown by the Grand Canyon, created over five million years by the Colorado River. Also featured are smooth coated otters repelling mugger crocodiles and the latter's Nile cousin ambushing wildebeest as they cross the Mara River. Roseate spoonbills are numerous in the Pantanal and are prey to spectacled caiman.

In addition, there are cichlids, piranhas, river dolphins and swimming crab-eating macaques. Planet Earth Diaries shows how a camera crew filmed a piranha feeding frenzy in Brazil-after a two-week search for the opportunity.

Here with Watch Documentaries 360 in the series of Planet Earth in this episode Fresh Water.

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Planet Earth Episode 2 Mountains - BBC Documentary
David Attenborough: The second instalment focuses on the mountains. All the main ranges are explored with extensive aerial photography. Ethiopia's Erta Ale is the longest continually erupting volcano-for over 100 years. On the nearby highlands, geladas (the only primate whose diet is almost entirely grass) inhabit precipitous slopes nearly five kilometres (3 mi) up, in troops that are 800-strong: the most numerous of their kind.

Alongside them live the critically endangered walia ibex, and both species take turns to act as lookout for predatory Ethiopian wolves. The Andes have the most volatile weather and guanacos are shown enduring a flash blizzard, along with an exceptional group sighting of the normally solitary puma. The Alpine summits are always snow-covered, apart from that of the Matterhorn, which is too sheer to allow it to settle. Grizzly bear cubs emerge from their den for the first time in the Rockies, while Himalayan inhabitants include rutting markhor, golden eagles that hunt migrating demoiselle cranes, and the rare snow leopard.

At the eastern end of the range, the giant panda cannot hibernate due to its poor nutriment of bamboo and one of them cradles its week-old cub. Also shown is the Earth's biggest mountain glacier-the Baltoro in Pakistan, which is 70 kilometres (43 mi) long and visible from space. Planet Earth Diaries explains how difficult it was to get close-up footage of snow leopards; it was a three-year process and is the world's first-ever video footage of snow leopards.

Here with Watch Documentaries 360 in the series of Planet Earth in this episode Planet Earth - Mountains.

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Welcome to the 21st century. Things are gonna be different. Energy, sustainable energy is something that our kids care about and the mainstream public cares about. And renewables has to be part of the solution.

In a economy burdened by the costs of increasingly scarce oil and natural gas and a planet already feeling the impact of fossil-fuel-driven climate change, the technological revolution of our time is renewable energy. Sunlight, wind, water, geothermal heat and plant biomass are all, essentially, limitless resources.

And they're all proven technologies that work right here, right now. The sun provides the Earth with unfathomable amounts of energy. In one hour, the Earth receives more energy from the sun than the entire human race uses in a year.

With current technology, photovoltaic panels covering 10,000 square miles  or about 10% of the land area of Nevada could provide all of the electricity used by the United States.
Although photovoltaics converting the sun's light to electricity was not discovered until the 20th century, solar thermal harnessing the sun's heat is an ancient practice.

Perhaps the earliest use of solar thermal technology was the south-facing home. Ancient cultures, including the Anasazi Indians of the American Southwest, designed their buildings to face south, to maximize heat from the sun, which stays low in the southern sky during winter.
In the summer, when the sun is high in the sky, the cliff face that extended over the building provided cooling shade. It's still a common design today.

Here find out about renewable energy with Watch Documentaries 360 in this documentary Renewable Energy.

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Planet Earth Episode 1 From Pole to Pole - BBC Documentary - David Attenborough: The first episode illustrates a journey around the globe and reveals the effect of gradual climatic change and seasonal transitions en route. During Antarctica's winter, emperor penguins endure four months of darkness, with no food, in temperatures of -70 °C (-94 °F).

Meanwhile, as spring arrives in the Arctic, polar bear cubs take their first steps into a world of rapidly thawing ice. In northern Canada, 3 million caribou complete an overland migration of 3,200 kilometres (2,000 mi), longer than that of any animal, and are hunted by wolves during its journey. The forests of eastern Russia are home to the Amur leopard; with a population of just 40 individuals in the wild, it is now the world's rarest cat.

This is primarily because of the destruction of its habitat, and Attenborough states that it "symbolises the fragility of our natural heritage". However, in the tropics, the jungle that covers 3% of the planet's surface supports 50% of its species.

Other species shown include New Guinea's birds of paradise, African hunting dogs in their efficient pursuit of impala, elephants in Africa migrating towards the waters of the Okavango Delta, a seasonal bloom of life in the otherwise arid Kalahari Desert, and 300,000 migrating Baikal teal, containing the world's entire population of the species in one flock. The Planet Earth Diaries segment shows how the wild dog hunt was filmed unobtrusively with the aid of the Heligimbal, a powerful, gyro-stabilised camera mounted beneath a helicopter.

Join with Watch Documentaries 360 in the series of Planet Earth in this episode From Pole to Pole.

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James Baylog has a near fatal attraction to ice. His fascination is leading him farther and deeper into the cryosphere, the frozen regions of the earth. What began as a photographic assignment has become a mind-blowing odyssey into an unpredictable world where entire landscapes cuter between solid and liquid states. On the Greenland ice sheet a crack-open and a mile wide lake 4 out of 3000 foot-castle. One of the world greatest glaciers shear of an iceberg that is nearly a thousand feet tick.

Changes in the ice is normal. It is volatile constantly in flux, but Blaylock is witnessing suggests something extraordinary is going on. His passion is to document and hep scientists understand this monumental changes. Balog's work frames one of the most important scientific questions humans have ever faced the question of "how fast were the world's glaciers and ice sheet melt and what will all that melting mean for us".

Let see what James Baylog has to show us in this thrilling extreme ice documentary Earths Frozen Regions and Global Warming. 

More reading: http://jamesbalog.com

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